Vunizh

Vunizh ("the speech") is an analytic, non-declined language of Ra-Ledis origin within the Continuation universe. It is the native language of the Leddies and often a lingua franca throughout the Continuation. It's alphabet, the Vunizh letters, is the standard writing system in the Continuation.

Vunizh has a long history: the following information is a generalization subject to change with time period and regional dialect.

Grammar Overview
The standard word order in Vunizh is subject-verb-object-indirect object. (Ex. "I give the book to him.") Adjectives usually follow the words they modify.

Pronouns are declined. Except for singular and plural forms, nouns are not. Conjugation is Latinate. Vunizh has two conjugations, labeled 1 (infinitive in -or) and 2 (infinitive in -ir).

Vowels

 * a: as in all, as in but at end of word


 * e: as in bed
 * i: as in in
 * o: long, as in so
 * u: as in rule
 * y: as in see
 * ai: as in rain
 * oi: as in join
 * ie: properly two separate sounds, "yeh."

Consonants
Consonants are pronounced as in English. note:


 * bh, dh, gh, fh, kh, rh: slightly aspirated
 * j: always hard
 * g: always hard
 * z: as in English, save following a consonant, where it becomes ts
 * zh: as in church

Stress
Stress is almost always on first syllable. Dictionary (Partial)

a: na:

 about: trien:

 accountable: silasuzh

 to account for: (2) silasir

 after: anezh

 and: ny

 animal: mimin

 arm: genna

 art: dhrilen

 balance: zhebor

 to be: zhor

 beauty: khaln

 to become: (1) vor (arch. veor)

 before: pennet

<p class="MsoNormal"> body: zhoi

<p class="MsoNormal"> brave: mik

<p class="MsoNormal"> to breathe: (2) myrsir

<p class="MsoNormal"> brother: delshok

<p class="MsoNormal"> but: mirst

<p class="MsoNormal"> by: ezh

<p class="MsoNormal"> calm: kridzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> to change: (2) amyltasir

<p class="MsoNormal"> child: enzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> cook: zhimtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to cook: (1) zhimsor

<p class="MsoNormal"> to correct: (2) oibosir

<p class="MsoNormal"> daughter: deln

<p class="MsoNormal"> day: myn

<p class="MsoNormal"> death: koln

<p class="MsoNormal"> desert: dhanez

<p class="MsoNormal"> to die: (1) kolnsor

<p class="MsoNormal"> diminutive suffix: -i

<p class="MsoNormal"> dragon: miag

<p class="MsoNormal"> dwell: (1) fhansor (cf. A: live, K: live)

<p class="MsoNormal"> east: vrosh

<p class="MsoNormal"> eight: elsin

<p class="MsoNormal"> to end: elinsir (K: lyne)

<p class="MsoNormal"> Epeylléta (Pey): epietal

<p class="MsoNormal"> evil: zazhta

<p class="MsoNormal"> eye: ebba

<p class="MsoNormal"> fairy: (mod.) silorben

<p class="MsoNormal"> fairy: (semi-arch.) tudiben

<p class="MsoNormal"> fairy: (archaic) tusisedo

<p class="MsoNormal"> farmer: lennshtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> father: nodio

<p class="MsoNormal"> fine: norhuzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> first: yd

<p class="MsoNormal"> five: ifin

<p class="MsoNormal"> to float: (2) somsir

<p class="MsoNormal"> flower: zheva

<p class="MsoNormal"> for: gin

<p class="MsoNormal"> forest: sudsho (“many trees”)

<p class="MsoNormal"> forever: tiln

<p class="MsoNormal"> forward: tinkrik (cf. A: forward)

<p class="MsoNormal"> four: in

<p class="MsoNormal"> free: eduzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> from: sen

<p class="MsoNormal"> gift: miest

<p class="MsoNormal"> giver: miestal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to go:(1) kior

<p class="MsoNormal"> god: yden

<p class="MsoNormal"> good: luzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> grass: lennz

<p class="MsoNormal"> gray: ezhin

<p class="MsoNormal"> great: oiduzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> grren: zhedin

<p class="MsoNormal"> ground: urn

<p class="MsoNormal"> harbor: mor

<p class="MsoNormal"> to hate: (2) erhentir

<p class="MsoNormal"> he: trie

<p class="MsoNormal"> to hear: (2) otrir

<p class="MsoNormal"> high: udar

<p class="MsoNormal"> home: unan

<p class="MsoNormal"> to hope: (2)voinsir

<p class="MsoNormal"> how: khy

<p class="MsoNormal"> human: benot

<p class="MsoNormal"> husband: soinok

<p class="MsoNormal"> one’s husband’s wife: soikan

<p class="MsoNormal"> I: gie

<p class="MsoNormal"> immortal (person): tinal

<p class="MsoNormal"> in: uld

<p class="MsoNormal"> incorrigible: tubidosyzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> is: yf

<p class="MsoNormal"> island: rhevur

<p class="MsoNormal"> it: (nom.)kie

<p class="MsoNormal"> to join: (1) kamosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> to keep: (2) zhonosir

<p class="MsoNormal"> keeper: zhonotal

<p class="MsoNormal"> king: rhenoc

<p class="MsoNormal"> Kiri: kirtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to know: (2) kezhesir

<p class="MsoNormal"> law: dia (dya)

<p class="MsoNormal"> to lead: (2) rhydsir

<p class="MsoNormal"> leader: rhydal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to learn: (2) sylsir

<p class="MsoNormal"> to leave: (1) kizanzhor (go after)

<p class="MsoNormal"> Leddie: Leddie (arch. ledis: person) (led’dyeh)

<p class="MsoNormal"> life: midda: (mid’ du)

<p class="MsoNormal"> like/as: kiv (keev)

<p class="MsoNormal"> Lord: oidyden (oid’ ee den) (great god)

<p class="MsoNormal"> lost: avichad (av’ i chad)

<p class="MsoNormal"> to love: (2) marvisir

<p class="MsoNormal"> to make: (1) ornosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> man: benk

<p class="MsoNormal"> many: sudy

<p class="MsoNormal"> meadow: glin

<p class="MsoNormal"> meteor: kurnet

<p class="MsoNormal"> moon: lovrin

<p class="MsoNormal"> mother: milan

<p class="MsoNormal"> mountain: leny

<p class="MsoNormal"> nature: toivat (cf. K, nature)

<p class="MsoNormal"> navigator: tarrvar

<p class="MsoNormal"> new: moi

<p class="MsoNormal"> night: hrodra

<p class="MsoNormal"> night (arch/poetic) arrho

<p class="MsoNormal"> nine: onin

<p class="MsoNormal"> north: kum

<p class="MsoNormal"> not: utu (prefix: ut-, u-)

<p class="MsoNormal"> now: dum

<p class="MsoNormal"> of: en

<p class="MsoNormal"> oh: koi

<p class="MsoNormal"> old: soyn

<p class="MsoNormal"> one: yn

<p class="MsoNormal"> or: zhem

<p class="MsoNormal"> over: suld

<p class="MsoNormal"> past (n.): zhicu

<p class="MsoNormal"> pilot: veshtral

<p class="MsoNormal"> plain (field): lutran (cf. K: sand)

<p class="MsoNormal"> planet: errha

<p class="MsoNormal"> polarity: yboda

<p class="MsoNormal"> politics: trana

<p class="MsoNormal"> president: surdal (over-leader)

<p class="MsoNormal"> prostitution: trezalt

<p class="MsoNormal"> reason: diata

<p class="MsoNormal"> to ride:(1) rorsor

<p class="MsoNormal"> rider: rorshtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to rise: (2) kinudir

<p class="MsoNormal"> river: kvota

<p class="MsoNormal"> sage (wise person): eshnot (cf. K eshlu)

<p class="MsoNormal"> Sama: samtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> sand: shint

<p class="MsoNormal"> to save: (1) tralosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> to save: (2) ornkrysir (cf. Orkrysal)

<p class="MsoNormal"> to say: (2) hrokir

<p class="MsoNormal"> to see: (2) esir

<p class="MsoNormal"> seer: ebbal

<p class="MsoNormal"> to sell: (1)alesor

<p class="MsoNormal"> seller: alzhtal

<p class="MsoNormal"> seven: imyn

<p class="MsoNormal"> sex: trezt

<p class="MsoNormal"> she: zhie

<p class="MsoNormal"> shield: dhenzhen

<p class="MsoNormal"> ship: treshot

<p class="MsoNormal"> side: moda

<p class="MsoNormal"> silent: ozhen

<p class="MsoNormal"> to sing: (1) trosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> sister: delshan

<p class="MsoNormal"> six: evlyn

<p class="MsoNormal"> sky: fryre

<p class="MsoNormal"> song: tram

<p class="MsoNormal"> soul: middezh

<p class="MsoNormal"> son: ik

<p class="MsoNormal"> south: lur

<p class="MsoNormal"> space: nevkror

<p class="MsoNormal"> to speak: vushor

<p class="MsoNormal"> speech: vuzh

<p class="MsoNormal"> to stand: (2) dhrisir

<p class="MsoNormal"> star: vrun

<p class="MsoNormal"> strong: tru

<p class="MsoNormal"> student: syltal

<p class="MsoNormal"> sun: lin

<p class="MsoNormal"> sverra (a bio-engineered humanoid): sverra

<p class="MsoNormal"> to swim: (1) zhansor

<p class="MsoNormal"> tall: rhar

<p class="MsoNormal"> ten: syn

<p class="MsoNormal"> the: ny

<p class="MsoNormal"> they: kiz

<p class="MsoNormal"> three: egrin

<p class="MsoNormal"> to: kon

<p class="MsoNormal"> to travel: (1) fhoigosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> tree: irsha

<p class="MsoNormal"> true: vrezh

<p class="MsoNormal"> truth: vres

<p class="MsoNormal"> two: ybyn

<p class="MsoNormal"> to understand: (2) krykezhesir (know whole)

<p class="MsoNormal"> up: kra

<p class="MsoNormal"> valley: dilpra

<p class="MsoNormal"> very: prandu

<p class="MsoNormal"> voice: zhedit

<p class="MsoNormal"> to walk: (1) presor

<p class="MsoNormal"> water: sobra

<p class="MsoNormal"> we: giz

<p class="MsoNormal"> to weave: (1) fhabosor

<p class="MsoNormal"> west: vorshta

<p class="MsoNormal"> what: ulie

<p class="MsoNormal"> when: shoi

<p class="MsoNormal"> white: gieshtin

<p class="MsoNormal"> who: alie

<p class="MsoNormal"> whole: kryen

<p class="MsoNormal"> why: marha

<p class="MsoNormal"> wife: hakan

<p class="MsoNormal"> to be willing: (2) disir

<p class="MsoNormal"> woman: benan

<p class="MsoNormal"> world: urham

<p class="MsoNormal"> to worship: (2) agasir

<p class="MsoNormal"> one’s wife’s husband: haksoin

<p class="MsoNormal"> Ybian: Ybyal

<p class="MsoNormal"> yes: zhe

<p class="MsoNormal"> you: (sg.) (nom.) nol

<p class="MsoNormal"> you: (pl.) (nom.) nolz

<p class="MsoNormal">

<p class="MsoNormal">